Applications of nanopipettes in bionanotechnology.

At present, technical hurdles remain in probing biochemical processes in living cells and organisms at nanometre spatial resolution, millisecond time resolution and with high specificity and single-molecule sensitivity. Owing to its unique shape, size and electrical properties, the nanopipette has been used to obtain high-resolution topographic images of live cells under physiological conditions, and to create nanoscale features by controlled delivery of biomolecules. In the present paper, I discuss recent progress in the development of a family of new methods for nanosensing and nanomanipulation using nanopipettes.